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Stock market guides and fundamental analysis

Direct answers to the questions investors actually search for — how screening works, how Indian, US and UK exchanges differ, how to read a chart, and how to size a portfolio. No jargon, no signals, no hype.

Original DeepScreen research

Research frameworks designed for DeepScreen

These first-party research pages focus on reproducible workflows, primary-source checks, worked examples and transparent limitations. They are designed to be updated as the underlying methodology and source data change.

NSE vs BSE — a complete research guide

A practical, source-led guide to comparing NSE and BSE: listings, liquidity, price formation, indices, derivatives, execution and the research questions that actually matter.

NSE · BSE · Nifty 50 · Sensex

How to analyse an Indian stock in 15 minutes

A repeatable 15-minute triage for Indian stocks: business model, financial health, cash flow, valuation, ownership, peers and red flags before deeper due diligence.

Indian stock analysis · 15 minute stock analysis · fundamental analysis · research checklist

P/E vs PEG vs EV/EBITDA

A practical comparison of P/E, PEG and EV/EBITDA, including formulas, when each multiple breaks, and a worked example you can reproduce on live company data.

P/E · PEG · EV/EBITDA · valuation multiples

ROE vs ROCE explained with real-company examples

Understand ROE and ROCE, why they can diverge, and how to compare companies such as TCS and Infosys without mistaking a high ratio for a complete quality verdict.

ROE · ROCE · TCS · Infosys

How to detect a debt trap

A practical checklist for finding debt stress early: leverage growth, interest burden, cash conversion, refinancing, working capital, dilution and collateral risk.

debt trap · debt analysis · interest coverage · balance sheet

Free cash flow analysis guide

Learn how to move from accounting earnings to operating cash flow and free cash flow, with checks for working capital, capex, acquisitions, leases and dilution.

free cash flow · cash flow analysis · owner earnings · capex

How promoter pledging affects risk

Understand pledged or otherwise encumbered promoter shares, where to verify them in Indian filings, what can change the risk, and why the trend matters more than a single percentage.

promoter pledge · promoter holding · shareholding pattern · SEBI disclosures

10-year compounder analysis framework

A long-horizon framework for researching businesses with the potential to compound value: reinvestment runway, returns on capital, cash flow, competition, governance, dilution and valuation.

compounder · 10 year stock analysis · long term investing · quality business

What is a stock screener?

A stock screener filters thousands of listed companies down to the handful that match your rules. Learn the filters that matter and how to build your first screen.

stock screener · screening filters · value screens · growth screens

How to read candlestick charts

Every candle shows open, high, low and close. Learn to read bodies, wicks and the handful of patterns that actually carry information.

candlestick charts · technical analysis · chart patterns

P/E ratio explained

The price-to-earnings ratio tells you what the market pays per rupee of profit. Learn trailing vs forward P/E, sector norms, and when the ratio breaks.

P/E ratio · valuation · fundamental analysis

How to apply for an IPO in India

Step-by-step: what you need before applying, how the UPI and ASBA routes work, how lots and the price band are set, and how allotment is decided.

IPO · ASBA · UPI mandate · allotment

Options trading basics

Understand calls, puts, strike prices, premium, expiry and the Greeks — plus why most retail option buyers lose money.

options · calls and puts · option chain · implied volatility

A practical guide to dividend investing

How dividend yield, payout ratio and dividend cover work, what the ex-dividend date means for your order, and how to spot an unsustainable payout.

dividends · dividend yield · ex-dividend date · income investing

How to build a diversified portfolio

Asset allocation, how many stocks you actually need, position sizing rules, correlation traps and a simple rebalancing schedule.

portfolio · diversification · asset allocation · rebalancing

Market capitalisation explained

What market cap measures, how large, mid and small caps differ in risk and return, and why market cap is not the same as company value.

market cap · large cap · mid cap · small cap

RSI and moving averages explained

How the relative strength index and simple/exponential moving averages are built, what crossovers actually mean, and where both indicators fail.

RSI · moving average · golden cross · technical indicators

Fundamental ratio glossary

P/E

P/E shows how much investors pay for one unit of annual earnings. Compare it with close sector peers and the company's own history, not with the whole market.

PEG

PEG relates a company's earnings multiple to its growth rate. A reading near 1 is often considered balanced, but growth quality and durability matter more than a single threshold.

P/S

P/S values a company against revenue and is useful when earnings are small or negative. It must be read with margins because sales without profit can destroy value.

P/B

P/B compares market value with accounting net assets. It is most useful for banks and asset-heavy companies and less useful for software or brands whose assets are not fully recorded.

EV/Revenue

EV/Revenue values operations while accounting for debt and cash. It helps compare companies with different financing, especially before profits become stable.

EV/EBITDA

EV/EBITDA compares enterprise value with EBITDA, an operating-profit measure before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation. The multiple is conventionally interpreted only when EBITDA and enterprise value produce a positive ratio.

ROE

ROE measures profit generated from shareholder capital. High ROE is strongest when it is consistent and not created by excessive debt.

ROA

ROA measures how efficiently a company turns assets into profit. Asset-light and asset-heavy sectors naturally have different normal ranges.

ROCE

ROCE measures operating returns from both equity and debt capital. It is a useful quality signal for comparing companies with different leverage.

D/E

Debt-to-equity measures financial leverage. A lower value usually means a more conservative balance sheet, but normal leverage varies sharply by industry.

LT D/E

Long-term debt to equity isolates structural borrowing and helps show how much enduring leverage supports the business.

Payout

The payout ratio shows how much profit is distributed as dividends. A sustainable payout leaves enough cash to maintain the business and fund growth.

Operating leverage

Operating leverage shows how strongly operating profit responds to sales. High fixed costs can amplify both growth and downturns.

Piotroski F-Score

The Piotroski F-Score is a nine-point financial-strength checklist. Higher scores indicate more positive accounting signals, while lower scores call for closer investigation.

Altman Z-Score

The Altman Z-Score combines five balance-sheet and income-statement measures to estimate financial-distress risk. Higher readings generally indicate a wider safety margin.

Beneish M-Score

The Beneish M-Score screens for patterns associated with possible earnings manipulation. A concerning score is a prompt for deeper filing review, not proof of misconduct.

Every topic covered on DeepScreen

Browse the subject index and jump straight to the tool that answers it.

Stock screening & scanners

Compare supported markets and explore the stock screening tools.

Open the screener

Stocks, prices & forecasts

Review the scoring factors, underlying data and limitations before comparing companies.

Read the methodology

Investing & trading basics

Learn how valuation, profitability and leverage inform company research.

Read the guides

Options, futures & derivatives

Explore strategy construction, expiry breakevens and potential losses.

Options tools

Earnings, dividends & market calendar

Explore the illustrative corporate-event planner and learn how to verify event dates.

Earnings and dividend planner

IPOs & new listings

Review available offering information and risks before researching a new listing.

IPO calendar

Portfolio, watchlists & diversification

Keep the companies you are researching together in your watchlist.

Build a portfolio

India: NSE, BSE, Nifty & Sensex

Explore NSE listings and fundamental research for Indian companies.

NSE screener

US: NYSE, Nasdaq, Dow & S&P 500

Browse NYSE listings and company research across US industries.

NYSE screener

UK: LSE & FTSE 100

Explore supported London listings and the available company fundamentals.

LSE screener